Nasal polyps are benign growths that develop in the lining of the nasal passages or sinus cavities. It develops when the mucus membranes in the nose or sinuses become inflamed and swell. Nasal polyps can affect anyone of any age but typically occur frequently in adults. Medication may be able to shrink or eliminate the nasal polyps but if they grow large enough to block the nasal passages or sinuses, surgery may be necessary to remove them.
Causes of Nasal Polyps
Because they are more common in adults, the exact cause of nasal polyps is unknown but they often develop in patients who have asthma or allergies. Other causes of nasal polyps include:
- Sinusitis
- Allergic rhinitis
- Compromised immune system
- Cystic fibrosis
- Asthma
- Allergies
- Allergic fungal sinusitis
- Chronic infections
Symptoms of Nasal Polyps
Common signs and symptoms of nasal polyps include:
- Nasal congestion
- Runny nose
- Headache
- Facial pain
- Loss of smell or taste
- Sinus pressure over the forehead or face
- Snoring
- Postnasal drip
- Pain in the upper teeth
- Frequent nosebleeds
Diagnosis of Nasal Polyps
After reviewing the patient’s symptoms and a physical examination of the nose, a diagnosis of nasal polyps can be determined. Additional diagnostic testing may include:
- Allergy tests
- CT Scan
- MRI
Treatment of Nasal Polyps
There is no cure for nasal polyps. They can be treated with medications such as corticosteroid nasal sprays and pills. If there is a sinus infection, antibiotics may be prescribed. If allergies are the cause of the nasal polyps, immunotherapy may be prescribed. Depending on how severe the condition is, the patient may require surgery to remove the nasal polyps and open up the sinus cavities for proper drainage. Not everyone can prevent the development of nasal polyps. But to reduce or minimize the occurrence or effects of nasal polyps, patients may be advised to:- Use a humidifier
- Undergo immunotherapy to treat allergies
- Use a saline or saltwater nasal rinse
- Avoid irritants such as smoke, chemicals, or dust
